Izixhobo Zokupholisa zeThermoelectric (imodyuli yethermoelectric) kwiZicelo zeTekhnoloji yeFrontier

Izixhobo zokupholisa zeThermoelectric kwiZicelo zeTekhnoloji yeFrontier

Izixhobo zokupholisa ze-thermoelectric, iimodyuli zokupholisa ze-thermoelectric—ezibizwa ngokuba zii-thermoelectric coolers (TECs)—zizisombululo zolawulo lobushushu eziqinileyo ezisebenza ngaphandle kwezinto ezishukumayo, ezivumela ukupholisa okuthuleyo, okuphendula kakhulu, nokulawuleka ngokuchanekileyo. Iingenelo zazo—kuquka i-compact form factor, ukulinganiswa, ukuthembeka phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, kunye nolawulo lobushushu olubekwe kwindawo ethile—zibabeke njengezincedisi ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zemida, kubandakanya iziseko zobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, unxibelelwano lwe-optical olukhawulezayo, isayensi ye-cryogenic, ulawulo lobushushu be-microelectronics, iinkqubo ze-biomedical, kunye nophando lwe-aerospace/deep-sea.

1. Iziseko zoQoqosho lwe-AI kunye noNxibelelwano oluKhawulezayo oluPhezulu

Ukwanda kwamandla oxinzelelo lwee-accelerators ze-AI kunye nokusasazwa kwee-transceivers ze-optical ze-800G/1.6T kuye kwaqinisa imingeni yobushushu kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha nezonxibelelwano zesizukulwana esilandelayo. Ii-TEC zijongana nolu "donga lobushushu" ngokubonelela ngolawulo lobushushu olujolise kwindawo, oluchanekileyo nolujolise kakhulu.

• Ukuzinziswa kwemodyuli ye-Optical: Ii-diode ze-laser kwiimodyuli ze-optical ezikhawulezayo zibonisa ukuxhomekeka okukhulu kubude be-wavelength kubushushu. Ngokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo ne-optical chip, iimodyuli ze-thermoelectric, izixhobo ze-peltier, ii-TEC zigcina ubushushu be-junction ngaphakathi kwe-±0.5 °C, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ukushukuma kwe-wavelength kunye nokunciphisa amazinga e-bit error (BER) ekudlulisweni kwedatha.

• Ulawulo lobushushu beseva ye-AI: Kwiirakhi zokubala ze-AI ezinoxinano oluphezulu, izinto ze-peltier, iimodyuli ze-Thermoelectric, ii-TEC ziya zicwangciswa ngakumbi ukuze zilungele uxinano oluphezulu lobushushu (>100 W/cm²) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, okubonelela ngokuzinzisa ubushushu obuguqukayo, obukwinqanaba le-chip kwi-GPUs, ii-TPUs, kunye nee-interconnects.

2. Izixhobo zesayensi eziPhambili kunye nokufumanisa okunzulu

Izixhobo ezintsha zombane kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo zandisa imida yokusebenza kwiindlela zobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu ngelixa ziphucula ukuthembeka kokubhaqwa.

• Ukupholisa okunzulu: Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseTongji baphuhlise i-Thomson cooler esekelwe kwi-YbInCu₄ phase-transition material. Isebenza kwi-38 K regime (~−235 °C), ifikelele kwi-ΔT epholileyo ezinzileyo edlula i-5 K—emele impumelelo kwi-solid-state cryocooling kwizicelo ze-quantum kunye ne-low-temperature physics.

• Imifanekiso ebonisa uvakalelo oluphezulu: Ii-TEC ezincinci ezinezigaba ezininzi, ii-miniaturized multi-stage peltier modules (ii-TEC modules) zivumela ukuba i-detector iphole ukuya kwi-−60 °C–−80 °C kwii-infrared focal plane arrays, ii-X-ray spectrometers, kunye nee-astronomical sensors. Olu thintelo lwengxolo yobushushu luphucula kakhulu i-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), nto leyo eququzelela ukuthathwa kwemifanekiso enesisombululo esiphezulu phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya okuphantsi kakhulu okanye ze-vacuum.

3. Ulawulo lwe-Microscale Thermal lwe-Advanced Electronics

Njengoko ii-semiconductor nodes zisiya zisiba ngaphantsi kwe-3 nm, iindawo ezihlala kuzo zisongela ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, kunye nokukhupha. Ii-Micro-thermoelectric coolers (ii-micro-TEC), ii-micro thermoelectric modules, izinto ze-mico peltier zibonelela ngolawulo lobushushu oluqhubekayo okanye olusondeleyo olunexesha lokuphendula elingaphantsi kwe-millisecond.

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezintsha: Iqela lophando eHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) lenze i-micro-TEC esekelwe kwi-magnesium-bismuth, i-micro peltier module (isixhobo se-micro peltier) ebonisa amandla okupholisa aphezulu-ubushushu begumbi (>500 W/cm³) kunye nempendulo ekhawulezileyo yesikhashana. Isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kulawulo olusebenzayo lobushushu bee-microcontroller unit (MCU) cores.

• Ukupholisa okukwi-chip nakwinqanaba le-component: Ii-Micro-TEC, izinto ze-micro-peltier, ii-micro thermoelectric modules, ii-Micro TEC modules zidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwii-CPUs ezisebenzayo kakhulu, ii-LiDAR emitters, kunye nee-RF front-end modules. Uyilo lwazo oluhambelana neenyawo luvumela ukususwa kwe-hotspot kwisikali se-micron, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuqhubekayo kokubala phantsi komthwalo oqhubekayo wobushushu.

4. Izixhobo zeBiomedical kunye nokuBekwa kweliso kwiCold-Chain

Iimodyuli ze-TEC, i-TEC (iimodyuli zokupholisa ze-thermoelectric) zixhasa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-biomedical ngokuvuna amandla angashukumiyo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lobushushu—zombini zibalulekile kwizicelo ezinokufakelwa kunye nezo zijongene nothutho.

• Amandla okufakelwa kunye nokupholisa: Abaphandi be-MIT babonise ifilimu ye-thermoelectric ebhityileyo kakhulu, eguquguqukayo efakwe phantsi kwesikhumba kwiimodeli zeengulube. Sisebenzisa i-gradient yobushushu obuyi-~2.5 K phakathi kwezicubu zomzimba eziphambili kunye ne-epidermis, esi sixhobo sisebenza nge-cardiac pacemaker ngokuqhubekayo kangangeenyanga ezilithoba—siqinisekisa ukuzimela kwamandla okusebenza ixesha elide.

• Ukubeka esweni ubushushu obuzimeleyo: Iithegi ezibonisa ubushushu eziquka iijenereyitha ze-thermoelectric (ii-TEG) ​​zifakwe kwi-logistics ye-mRNA yePfizer. Ezi sensors ezizisebenzisayo zifumana amandla obushushu ukusuka kumahluko obushushu bangaphakathi-bangaphandle bempahla ukuze ziqhube i-telemetry engenazingcingo—ukususa ukuxhomekeka kwebhetri kunye nokuvumela ukuqoshwa kobushushu okuqhubekayo, okungaphazanyiswayo kulo lonke uhambo.

5. Iinkqubo Ezinzima Zokusingqongileyo: Iinqwelo-moya kunye noPhando Olunzulu Lolwandle

Itekhnoloji ye-thermoelectric inika ulawulo oluqinileyo, olungenalo ulondolozo lwe-thermal kunye namandla kwiindawo apho iinkqubo zemveli zingasebenzi kakuhle—ingakumbi phantsi kwe-vacuum, ukuvezwa kwimitha, okanye i-thermal gradients egqithisileyo.

• Amaqonga olwandle olujulileyo nolwe-orbital: Kwi-Mariana Trench Observation Network ekhokelwa yiJapan, ii-modular thermoelectric generators (TEGs) ziguqula i->340 K gradient phakathi kolwelo lomoya oluphuma kwi-hydrothermal (~350 °C) kunye namanzi olwandle ajikelezayo (~2 °C) zibe ngamandla aqhubekekayo akwizinga le-kilowatt kwiinkqubo zevidiyo ze-HD zolwandle olujulileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, izakhiwo ze-thermoelectric superlattice zihlanganiswe kwimodyuli yovavanyo ye-International Space Station yokubuyisela ubushushu obungafunekiyo kunye nolawulo lobushushu oluchanekileyo.

• Ukuzikhusela kunye nokubona i-infrared based space: Ii-TEC ezincinci ezinezigaba ezininzi ezihambelana ne-vacuum, ezingatshiyo, ii-micro multi-stage peltier modules, ii-micro multi-stage thermoelectric cooling modules, ii-micro thermoelectric coolers, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-infrared detectors ezithwalwa yi-satellite kunye ne-airborne. Amandla azo okufikelela kubushushu obungaphantsi kwe-100 K detector ngaphakathi kweenyawo ezixineneyo kakhulu axhasa umfanekiso we-infrared (LWIR) obonisa uvakalelo oluphezulu, wokujonga ngobuchule kunye nokujonga uMhlaba.